Since the invasion of Ukraine, the EU has noted that social media companies have not been successful in preventing "large-scale" Russian disinformation campaigns.
The EU Commission's investigation revealed an increase in the "extent and impact of accounts sponsored by the Kremlin" in the year 2023.
The report indicated that since Elon Musk acquired X, formerly known as Twitter, there has been a rise in Russian disinformation on the platform.
The BBC has made enquiries to Twitter, Meta, TikTok and YouTube, but no comment has been given.
The research, released on Wednesday, examines initiatives to counter disinformation from the Kremlin and suggests that the uptick has been "particularly spurred by Twitter's abolishment of its safety regulations".
The BBC has previously highlighted that social media accounts linked to the Kremlin have circulated false information about the war in Ukraine.
The report discovered that, when calculated in absolute figures, accounts in favor of the Kremlin still managed to reach the most extensive audiences through Meta's platforms. Additionally, it revealed that the scope of the Kremlin-sponsored accounts on Telegram grew by a factor of three.
The results of the study indicated that there was not uniform implementation of terms of service across several eastern European languages.
Recently, the European Union's Digital Services Act (DSA) has enforced stricter regulations on some of the biggest websites on the Internet.
All big social media firms must observe the DSA's more rigorous regulations that require a more intense practice of monitoring posts - which cover false statements and hateful remarks - from "huge" networks having a minimum of 45 million monthly active users.
The investigation found that, should the DSA have been effective prior to last month, social media corporations could have been in breach of their legal obligations - subjecting them to potential penalties.
According to the research, during 2022 there was a significant growth in the audience and range of social media accounts associated with the Kremlin across Europe.
The report alludes to a post from 9 April where Elon Musk affirmed his website would not longer "constrain" accounts overseen by the Kremlin.
Mr Musk tweeted that it is a weak tactic to resort to censorship because others do, and that not restraining the press while theirs is not free shows strength.
Last April, a former executive team at Twitter implemented "limited" accounts, which would no longer be featured in timelines, notifications, or other aspects of the platform.
Despite criticism, the firm declined to bar many state-operated accounts connected to the Kremlin, which meant Vladimir Putin was not blocked from the site like Donald Trump, the former President of the United States, had been.
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